Some Basic Network Commands:

Some Basic Network Commands:

By Hilmi OLGUN

General Note: Firstly most of those commands run on any operating system (UNIX, Solaris, windows).And to test those commands

the TCP/IP protocol must be installed on the system(Generally it is already installed).And some services must be started, to do that(assuming that you are using windows2000 or XP) from control panelàadministrative toolsàservices you can start/stop any services from there manually or automatically.

About this document each time when you see the line “C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm>” it means that we are using(on) command prompt-line. And additionally remember that each command belongs(or works under) to a protocol and it is possible that you might have not learnt those protocols until now ,DON’T WORRY you will learn each protocol when the time arrives. The aim of this document is to give you some knowledge about network commands.

1-)arp :

When we need an Ethernet (MAC) address we can use arp(address resolution protocol).

In other words it shows the physical address of an host.

Example:

C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm>arp -a

Interface: 169.254.195.199 --- 0x2

Internet Address Physical Address Type

216.109.127.60 00-53-45-00-00-00 static

2-)nslookup:

Displays information from Domain Name System (DNS) name servers.

Example:

C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm>nslookup itu.dk

Server: ns3.inet.tele.dk

Address: 193.162.153.164

Non-authoritative answer:

Name: itu.dk

Address: 130.226.133.2

NOTE :If you write the command as above it shows as default your pc's server name firstly.

C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm>nslookup mail.yahoo.com itu.dk

Server: superman.itu.dk

Address: 130.226.133.2

Non-authoritative answer:

Name: login.yahoo.akadns.net

Address: 216.109.127.60

Aliases: mail.yahoo.com, login.yahoo.com

NOTE:Remark that in the second example we do not see the default server name.

There are many nslookup with optional commands.To read them type nslookup and enter

then type help and enter.

3-)finger:

Displays the information about a user on the system.

Example:

NOTE :I could not find out the name of the server that we log on (windows) at the school.

Sysadmin does not know that either:o)

But as an example I tried it on the our unix server.

[hilmiolgun@ssh hilmiolgun]$ finger

adel Adel Abu-Sharkh pts/1 7 Sep 10 00:11 (cpe.atm2-0-1091080.0x50a0bcb2.albnxx13.customer.tele.dk)

adel Adel Abu-Sharkh pts/2 9 Sep 9 23:56 (cpe.atm2-0-1091080.0x50a0bcb2.albnxx13.customer.tele.dk)

hilmiolgun Hilmi Olgun pts/9 Sep 10 00:20 (0x3ef3e2fe.albnxx8.adsl.tele.dk)

hm Hanne Munkholm pts/6 1:56 Sep 8 21:27 (off180.palombia.dk)

jcg Jens Christian Godsk pts/4 1d Sep 8 10:28 (toscana.itu.dk)

kaj Kenneth Ahn Jensen pts/7 Sep 10 00:11 (cpe.atm2-0-54493.0x50a4ad32.boanxx12.customer.tele.dk)

root root pts/8 1 Sep 10 00:12 (sysadm2.itu.dk)

troels Troels Arvin pts/5 3:49 Sep 9 20:31 (62.79.119.132.adsl.vbr.worldonline.dk)

webclaus Claus Bech Rasmussen pts/0 6 Sep 10 00:11 (port967.ds1-khk.adsl.cybercity.dk)

NOTE :What I did is :I first check the online users,and get a list of them(above).

Then i just choosed one user to get information about him(below)

[hilmiolgun@ssh hilmiolgun]$ finger hm

Directory: /import/home/hm Shell: /bin/bash

On since Mon Sep 8 21:27 (CEST) on pts/6 from off180.palombia.dk

1 hour 56 minutes idle

Last login Tue Sep 9 11:05 (CEST) on pts/12 from stud127.itu.dk

New mail received Mon Nov 11 23:01 2002 (CET)

Unread since Sat Oct 5 00:00 2002 (CEST)

Plan:

World Domination... fast.

[hilmiolgun@ssh hilmiolgun]$

4-)ping:

Simpy shows if the remote machine is available or not....

Example:

C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm>ping webmail.itu.dk

Pinging tarzan.itu.dk [130.226.133.3] with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 130.226.133.3: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=55

Reply from 130.226.133.3: bytes=32 time=30ms TTL=55

Ping statistics for 130.226.133.3:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 29ms, Maximum = 30ms, Average = 29ms

NOTE :Remark that the remote machine is replying.Otherwise the output will be "Request time out" which means the

remote machine is not working well.(Not answering)

5-)tracert:

It simply shows the path between source and destination address.

Example:

C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm>tracert webmail.itu.dk

Tracing route to tarzan.itu.dk [130.226.133.3]

over a maximum of 30 hops:

1 * * * Request timed out.

2 29 ms 19 ms 29 ms ge-0-2-1-2.1000M.albnxu1.ip.tele.dk [195.249.1.2

3 29 ms 29 ms 19 ms pos1-0.622M.lynxg1.ip.tele.dk [195.249.2.46]

4 29 ms 19 ms 29 ms herman.fsknet.lyngby.forskningsnettet.dk [192.38

.7.1]

5 29 ms 29 ms 19 ms 130.225.244.214

6 29 ms 29 ms 29 ms 1.ku.forskningsnettet.dk [130.225.245.90]

7 29 ms 29 ms 29 ms rk.itu.forskningsnettet.dk [130.226.249.30]

8 29 ms 29 ms 29 ms 130.225.245.86

9 29 ms 29 ms 29 ms tarzan.itu.dk [130.226.133.3]

Trace complete.

6-)ftp:

For file transferring..(File transfer protocol)

Example:Lets you dont have an ftp software and you want to get a file from your school harddisk.

So to do that:

C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm>ftp

ftp> open

To ftp.itu.dk

Connected to ssh.itu.dk.

220 ProFTPD 1.2.8rc2 Server (ProFTPD Default Installation) [ssh.it-c.dk]

NOTE:What am I doing is simply:typing them one-by-one(after each typing remember to enter)

ftp,open,ftp.itu.dk

User (ssh.itu.dk:(none)): hilmiolgun

331 Password required for hilmiolgun.

Password:

230 User hilmiolgun logged in.

NOTE:The server will require username and password..

ftp> help

Commands may be abbreviated. Commands are:

! delete literal prompt send

? debug ls put status

append dir mdelete pwd trace

ascii disconnect mdir quit type

bell get mget quote user

binary glob mkdir recv verbose

bye hash mls remotehelp

cd help mput rename

close lcd open rmdir

ftp> help dir

dir List contents of remote directory

NOTE: If it is your first time to those commands just type help and get the commands.If you dont know how to use

them type help commandname..

ftp> dir

200 PORT command successful

150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for file list

drwx------ 4 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 155 Jul 1 14:02 Desktop

drwx------ 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 May 30 10:21 Mail

drwxr-xr-x 5 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 90 Sep 2 02:59 MobilePositionSDK

drwx------ 7 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Aug 8 2002 NTnetscape

drwxr--r-- 13 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Sep 4 01:56 New Folder

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 74 Sep 9 12:56 TTI409B

drwx------ 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 6 Jan 21 2002 cgi-bin

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 74 Sep 9 12:56 geu

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 74 Sep 9 12:56 hilmiolgun

drwxr-xr-x 6 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Aug 14 15:59 image

drwxr-xr-x 3 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Jul 29 16:03 jmf20-apidocs

drwxr-xr-x 4 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Sep 9 14:10 NOTEsieee

drwx------ 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 6 Feb 21 2002 nsmail

drwx------ 3 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 103 Feb 21 2002 office52

drwx------ 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 6 Jan 21 2002 private

drwxr--rwx 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Aug 23 12:02 public_html

drwxr-xr-x 5 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Sep 6 03:30 speech

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 2630 Sep 9 13:58 test.txt

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 148 Sep 9 14:03 testing.txt

226 Transfer complete.

ftp: 1318 bytes received in 0,24Seconds 5,49Kbytes/sec.

ftp> get testing.txt

200 PORT command successful

150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for testing.txt (148 bytes)

226 Transfer complete.

ftp: 161 bytes received in 0,02Seconds 8,05Kbytes/sec.

NOTE :After taking a look to the school harddisk ,I copied a file "testing.txt" to my local harddisk....

ftp> !dir

Volume in drive C has no label.

Volume Serial Number is 0868-D52D

Directory of C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm

10-09-2003 00:21 <DIR> .

10-09-2003 00:21 <DIR> ..

31-08-2003 07:28 <DIR> .java

25-04-2003 12:18 <DIR> .javaws

23-04-2003 15:26 <DIR> .jpi_cache

26-08-2003 04:59 <DIR> .Nokia

07-09-2003 01:46 12.546 .plugin140_03.trace

07-09-2003 04:46 693 .plugin141_02.trace

07-09-2003 01:20 164 .saves-3824-IBMR31IMAGE

07-09-2003 01:20 <DIR> Desktop

07-09-2003 08:05 <DIR> Favorites

06-09-2003 05:29 80.140 love.wav

09-09-2003 23:45 <DIR> mindterm

09-09-2003 11:02 <DIR> My Documents

10-09-2003 00:21 2.903 plugin131_08.trace

25-04-2003 11:44 <DIR> Start Menu

06-09-2003 21:21 <DIR> studio5se_user

06-09-2003 05:32 18 test.txt

06-09-2003 05:20 70 testing

10-09-2003 00:37 161 testing.txt

26-08-2003 03:46 <DIR> WINDOWS

8 File(s) 96.695 bytes

13 Dir(s) 3.842.056.192 bytes free

ftp> send love.wav

200 PORT command successful

150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for love.wav

226 Transfer complete.

ftp: 80140 bytes sent in 3,97Seconds 20,21Kbytes/sec.

ftp> dir

200 PORT command successful

150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for file list

drwx------ 4 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 155 Jul 1 14:02 Desktop

drwx------ 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 May 30 10:21 Mail

drwxr-xr-x 5 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 90 Sep 2 02:59 MobilePositionSDK

drwx------ 7 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Aug 8 2002 NTnetscape

drwxr--r-- 13 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Sep 4 01:56 New Folder

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 74 Sep 9 12:56 TTI409B

drwx------ 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 6 Jan 21 2002 cgi-bin

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 74 Sep 9 12:56 geu

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 74 Sep 9 12:56 hilmiolgun

drwxr-xr-x 6 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Aug 14 15:59 image

drwxr-xr-x 3 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Jul 29 16:03 jmf20-apidocs

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 80137 Sep 9 22:36 love.wav

drwxr-xr-x 4 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Sep 9 14:10 NOTEsieee

drwx------ 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 6 Feb 21 2002 nsmail

drwx------ 3 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 103 Feb 21 2002 office52

drwx------ 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 6 Jan 21 2002 private

drwxr--rwx 2 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Aug 23 12:02 public_html

drwxr-xr-x 5 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 4096 Sep 6 03:30 speech

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 2630 Sep 9 13:58 test.txt

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hilmiolgun hilmiolgun 148 Sep 9 14:03 testing.txt

226 Transfer complete.

ftp: 1387 bytes received in 0,07Seconds 19,81Kbytes/sec.

ftp>

NOTE:At the end first looking at the local working directory and sending a file "love.wav" to the school harddisk.

7-)net:

It has many options,which are for checking/starting/stopping nt services,users,messaging,configuration and so on...

Some of those options require administration privileges..

Example:

NOTE: To have an overview of commands options....

C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm>net

The syntax of this command is:

NOTE: And furthermore to get an overview of a specific option ...

C:\Documents and Settings\sysadm>net help print

The syntax of this command is:

NET PRINT

\\computername\sharename

[\\computername] job# [/HOLD | /RELEASE | /DELETE]

NET PRINT displays print jobs and shared queues.

For each queue, the display lists jobs, showing the size

and status of each job, and the status of the queue.

\\computername Is the name of the computer sharing the printer

queue(s).

sharename Is the name of the shared printer queue.

job# Is the identification number assigned to a print

job. A computer with one or more printer queues

assigns each print job a unique number.

/HOLD Prevents a job in a queue from printing.

The job stays in the printer queue, and other

jobs bypass it until it is released.

/RELEASE Reactivates a job that is held.

/DELETE Removes a job from a queue.

NET HELP command | MORE displays Help one screen at a time.

Finally in addition to above there are also those commands: hostname ,lpq, lpr ,rsh ,tftp ,nbstat ,netstat.

To get familiar with those commands simply type commandname /? at the command line.

You can send any questions about this document to hilmiolgun@itu.dk