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\begin{document}
\begin{flushright}
  OPI F2007\\ 
  Carsten Sch\"urmann\\
  Date: \today\\
\end{flushright}
\bigskip
\begin{center}
  {\bf\LARGE Project} \\[2ex]
  {\bf\LARGE Connect Four}
\end{center}
\bigskip


\section*{Guidelines}

While we acknowledge that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, you
should nonetheless strive for elegance in your code.  Not every
program which runs deserves full credit.  Make sure to state
invariants in comments which are sometimes implicit in the informal
presentation of a class.  Do not reinvent wheels, and try to make your
functions small and easy to understand.  Use tasteful layout and avoid
long winded and contorted code.  You are expected to work alone, but
of course, you can discuss problems, solutions and strategies with
others.

\section*{Goal}

The goal of this project is to implement the game Connect Four.  The
project is designed as a four week project.  Every week you are asked
to hand in a homework assignment, which will be graded.  So all in
all, your project will be worth four homework assignments.  In the
last class, we will have a Connect Four competition, where your
programs will play against one another.  The winner will receive a
price.

\section*{Game Description}

Connect Four is a two-player board game in which the players take
turns in dropping tokens into a vertical grid with the objective of
getting four of one's own tokens into a line. The game was published by
Milton Bradley in 1974; a non-proprietary version is known as "The
Captain's Mistress".  See
\verb!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connect_Four!  for more
information.

In the game, there are two colors of tokens.  One player plays yellow,
the other red.  The following depicts a game configurations that may
occured in a concrete game.
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{ConnectFour.png}
\end{center}

If we enumerate the columns with 1..7, we see that if yellow plays 3
and red plays 3, red will have won, because red has managed to get four
pieces into a line.  This one is diagonal, but it could also be horizontal
or vertical. 

\section*{Rules}

\begin{enumerate}
\item The game board, has seven columns and six rows. 
\item There are 21 red and 21 yellow tokens.
\item One player plays with red tokens, the other with yellow tokens.
\item The tokens are inserted at the top of a column, and they will
  fall down and land on the ground (if the column was empty) or on top
  of a previously inserted token.
\item Red starts.  
\item Red and yellow take turns.
\item One can only insert tokens in one of the seven columns.
\item One cannot insert a token into a column that is full.
\item A line consists of several tokens, either in vertical,
  horizontal, or diagonal form, which contain only tokens of the same
  color.
\item A player wins if he or she manages to form a line of four tokens of his or her color.
\item The game ends if one of the player wins.
\item The game ends in a tie if none of the two players can make a
  valid move and none of the players has won.
\item A move cannot take more than 180 seconds.
\end{enumerate}

\section*{Project Goals}

You are asked to implement two players for the Connect Four game.  A
human player and an automatic player.  We will provide you with one
interface of what a player is expected to do, you are supposed to
implement it.  No more rules are given.

To implement the human player, you will need to design an implement a
human computer user interface.  This can be a graphical user
interface or a text base interfaces, your choice.  One of the
critical steps in this part of the assignment is to think of a good
representation of the board.  For the second assignment you need to hand in a
program that allows two human players to play each other.

The automatic player is like a human player except that it uses an
algorithm to determine where to put one the next token.  This could be
a probabilistic algorithm that randomly tosses tokens into some not yet 
full column into the board.  Or it could be a search algorithm, just
like the ones we discussed in class, depth first search, breadth first
search, iterative deepening, or maybe even $\alpha\beta$-pruning
search.  (This will likely be my choice for my player!)

\section*{Interfaces}

Before telling you what you have to do, we establish some common basic
rules for the implementation.  First, the color red and yellow are represented
by Boolean values, where

\bigskip
\begin{tabular}{ll}
  red & is represented as \verb!true! \\
  yellow & is represented as \verb!false! .
\end{tabular}
\bigskip

Every player you write, human or automatic, should implement the
\verb!Player! interface.  Your automatic player needs to have an internal
representation of the board, otherwise it will not be able to
efficiently search for the best move.  The human player doesn't do it,
because we have memory, and are used to have the game situation in our
heads.  But this also means, that the automatic player needs to be
informed about the move of the opponent.  The human player observes
that directly.  Therefore, the \verb!Player! interface that we ask
you to implement the following four methods.

\begin{verbatim}
interface Player {
    void init (Boolean color);
    String name ();
    int move ();
    void inform (int i);
}
\end{verbatim}

\verb!init! is the method that the Game referee (implemented and
administered by the teaching staff) will use in order to inform a
player about what color he/she/it is playing.  The \verb!method!
serves a player to identify himself or herself for the logs.  The \verb!move!
method is called when a player is asked to make a move, and the
\verb!inform! method is called to inform the player about the move of
the opponent.


\section*{Part 1}

Hand in your design of a board, with all methods that you think are
necessary and important.

\section*{Part 2}

Implement a human player.  Hand in your code in such a way that when
started, two human players play against each other.  Use a graphical
user interfaces if you like!

\section*{Part 3}

Implement an automatic player.  Hand in your code in such a way that 
by default your human player plays the automatic player.

\section*{Hand-in (due, 23. May)

Have your code ready, in time for the first semi annual OOP
championship.  Simply hand in your automated player in one file.  Stay
tuned for more information from the TAs on how to package your code
in such a way that they can run the competition smoothly.  (If you don't
follow these instructions, you will be automatically disqualified.) 
\end{document}